She created a set of female characteristics:
Women hedge.
Women use super polite forms: "Would you please...?" "I'd really appreciate it if..."
Women speak in italics (use more prosodic features): It's soooo nice...
They use empty adjectives: divine, lovely, adorable...
They use modal verbs: should, would...
Overuse qualifiers. "I think that..."
They use mitigated responses and hidden directives.
They have special lexis for things like colours and cloth.
They avoid coarse language and expletives.
Women can't tell jokes.
Obviously for the dominance approach, for males, it is the exact opposite for most of these.
Deficit-Lakoff
Lakoff states that women say less than men because where men have dominance style to talking, women have a deficit. They are more polite e,t,c
Lakoff states;
They use a greater rage of colour terms
Difference-Tannen
Tannen states there are obvious differences in males and females language especially in the workplace e,t,c.
She says how in the workplace especially, men are applauded for dominance and power, whereas although some females are, its not as congratulated as males.
Independence vs. intimacy - men "go it alone"; women seek support.
Advice vs. understanding - men see language as problem solving; women see it as a means of empathy.
Information vs. feelings - males are concerned with the facts; women with emotions.
Orders vs. proposals - men use imperatives; females use hidden directives.Conflict vs. compromise - men will argue; women will try to find a middle ground.
Deficit-Lakoff
Lakoff states that women say less than men because where men have dominance style to talking, women have a deficit. They are more polite e,t,c
Lakoff states;
They use a greater rage of colour terms
Use "empty" adjectives (example: "it was nice")
Use intensifers (example: "so..", "very..")
Use tag questions (example: "it's a nice day, isn't it?)
Use hedges
Use vague language (example: "..and stuff")
Difference-Tannen
Tannen states there are obvious differences in males and females language especially in the workplace e,t,c.
She says how in the workplace especially, men are applauded for dominance and power, whereas although some females are, its not as congratulated as males.
Tannen's 'vs';
Status vs. support - men see language as a means of asserting dominance; women see it as a way of confirming/supporting ideas.Independence vs. intimacy - men "go it alone"; women seek support.
Advice vs. understanding - men see language as problem solving; women see it as a means of empathy.
Information vs. feelings - males are concerned with the facts; women with emotions.
Orders vs. proposals - men use imperatives; females use hidden directives.Conflict vs. compromise - men will argue; women will try to find a middle ground.
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